United States Legal Articles & Guides — 87 Articles

What happens when one party fails to perform a contract? Learn how breach of contract remedies work, including damages, specific performance, rescission, restitution, injunctions, termination and the rules governing anticipatory breach across major common-law jurisdictions.

A force majeure clause can determine whether a business must continue performing a contract after an extraordinary event disrupts performance. Learn how courts interpret force majeure provisions, which events may qualify, why notice and mitigation matter, and how businesses can draft stronger clauses.

A commercial contract does more than record a business deal. Learn which clauses businesses should consider covering, from payment and scope of work to indemnification, liability limits, intellectual property, termination, governing law and dispute resolution.

Where you incorporate can affect your startup's governance, fundraising, compliance, taxes and future exit. Compare Delaware, the UK, Singapore and Ireland and learn how founders should choose an incorporation jurisdiction based on investors, operations, costs and long-term business plans.

Directors owe important legal duties concerning loyalty, care, conflicts of interest, corporate powers and decision-making. Compare directors' duties and personal liability rules in the UK, US, Australia and Singapore, including key statutory duties, fiduciary principles and potential consequences of breach.

Private equity transactions can use leveraged buyouts, preferred equity, management rollover, seller financing and other structures. Learn how these deals are legally organised, which documents matter and what investors, sellers and management teams should review before closing.

An international holding company can centralise ownership of subsidiaries, facilitate cross-border investment and support group governance. Learn how to choose a jurisdiction, structure subsidiaries, manage tax residency, assess participation exemptions, establish substance and avoid common cross-border structuring mistakes.

Corporate governance codes shape how companies are directed, monitored and held accountable. Compare the governance frameworks used in the UK, US, Germany and Australia, including board structures, independence, shareholder rights, risk oversight, reporting and the comply-or-explain approach.

A shareholder agreement can determine how owners vote, transfer shares, resolve disputes and exit a private company. Learn which clauses matter most, how shareholder agreements interact with articles of association, and what UK businesses should consider before signing one.

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions involve more than negotiating a purchase price. Companies must navigate multiple legal systems, foreign investment rules, antitrust review, tax, employment, IP, data privacy, sanctions and closing requirements. This guide explains the key legal issues businesses should assess before completing an international M&A transaction.

Legal due diligence can determine whether an acquisition creates value or exposes the buyer to hidden liabilities. This comprehensive checklist explains what buyers should review before closing an M&A transaction, from corporate records and contracts to IP, employees, litigation, compliance, data privacy, tax, and antitrust risks.

Design protection can help businesses stop competitors from copying the visual appearance of products. Learn how registered and unregistered design rights work in the UK, how EU protection differs after Brexit, and how businesses can protect industrial designs.